The electron, against predictions, appears to be perfectly round, raising questions about one of the fundamental building blocks of the universe. An electron's shape refers to that of the cloud of ...

In 1998 scientists Richard Bader and Carlo Gatti proposed a mathematical model, describing the distribution of delocalized electrons in molecules. Now new research is the first to confirm the accuracy ...

In classical physics, a vacuum is a total void—a true manifestation of nothingness. But quantum physics says that empty space isn’t really empty. Instead, it’s buzzing with “virtual” particles ...

The Bohr model, introduced by Danish physicist Niels Bohr in 1913, was a key step on the journey to understand atoms. Ancient Greek thinkers already believed that matter was composed of tiny basic ...