The purpose of the network layer is to help route messages between different local networks. Central to this layer is the concept of exclusive network addresses, where every terminal connected to the ...

Joel is an internationally recognized expert in the areas of security, networking and messaging. Follow him on X (formerly Twitter) @joelsnyder. Building enterprise networks with routers and switches ...

The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a standard protocol for tunneling L2 traffic over an IP network. Its ability to carry almost any L2 data format over IP or other L3 networks makes it ...

AJ Dellinger is a writer, reporter, and editor based in Madison, Wisconsin. He has been published in Wired, Gizmodo, CNET, and a variety of other publications. He has covered small business and ...

The technology provides secure remote access to a broad spectrum of applications and network resources Application-layer VPNs are generating lots of attention these days. Proponents cite the ...

The third article in the Bitcoin Layer 2 series. This article covers the Lightning Network created by Joseph Poon and Tadge Dryja. The Lightning Network is a routed network of payment channels ...

This week, ONCHAIN Labs announced ONCHAIN Gateway, an access and routing layer built on the ONCHAIN Protocol Network (OPN, pronounced “open”). Gateway enables ...