比例（P）：实时误差的比例放大，快速响应但易振荡。 积分（I）：累积历史误差，消除静态偏差，但可能过调。 微分（D）：预测误差变化趋势，抑制超调和振荡。 适用于需精准控制的嵌入式系统，如：电机调速、温度控制、平衡车姿态控制等。传感器采集 ...

Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control is the most common control algorithm used in industry today. The popularity of PID controllers can be attributed to their effectiveness in a wide range ...

PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...