R 语言长期专注于统计计算和数据分析，是 Python 在数据科学领域最直接的竞争者，虽然近几年 Python 凭借工程化与 AI 生态明显占优，但 R 近期明显回暖，已连续多月重返 TIOBE 前十。

For years, the lingua franca for desktop computers was the Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, a.k.a. Basic. Essentially every PC had it, and just about anyone could learn to program ...