CNN in deep learning is a special type of neural network that can understand images and visual information. It works just like human vision: first it detects edges, lines and then recognizes faces and ...

Abstract: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are extensively utilized for image classification due to their ability to exploit data correlations effectively. However, traditional CNNs encounter ...

Abstract: A lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has become one of the major studies in machine learning field to optimize its potential for employing it on the resource-constrained devices.

Introduction: The world’s population has been increasing continuously, and this requires prompt action to ensure food security. One of the top five cereals produced worldwide, sorghum, is a staple of ...

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1 School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China 2 Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Vocational College of ...

• Architecture: 4-layer CNN (convolutional layers with 32, 64, 128, and 256 filters) → Max pooling → Dropout → Fully connected layers. • Training: Dataset: MNIST (28×28 grayscale digits).